Pp. 208, and Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 1948, 332 U.S. 631, 68 S.Ct. 87 F. Supp. 0000005810 00000 n Make your practice more effective and efficient with Casetexts legal research suite. Copyright to all articles and other content in the online and print versions of The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History is held by the Oklahoma Historical Society (OHS). The decision in this case was made in conjunction with Sweatt v. Painter and later influenced the decision in Brown v. Board of Education.[1]. State-imposed restrictions which produce such inequalities cannot be sustained. Operations: Meghann Olshefski Mandy Morris Kelly Rindfleisch The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional under the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment to segregate McLaurin from his peers. That court held that such treatment did not violate the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment and denied the motion. 320 lessons. The unanimous decision was delivered on the same day as another case involving similar issues, Sweatt v. Painter. OF CORRECTIONS 2020 OK CIV APP 42 Case Number: 118004 Decided: 02/21/2020 Mandate Issued: 07/29/2020 DIVISION III THE The litigation in McLaurin began to take shape when George W. McLaurin, an African American student with a masters degree, applied for admission to the University of Oklahoma in pursuit of a doctorate in education but was denied entry solely because of his race. The school authorities were required to exclude him by the Oklahoma statutes, 70 Okl.Stat. The federal court in Oklahoma City also stated that the purpose of the Constitution was not to abolish the differences between races. Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1, 13 -14 (1948). In a 9-0 decision, The United States Supreme Court ruled for McLaurin and against the State of Oklahoma. , nor was it intended to enforce social equality between classes and races." External Relations: Moira Delaney Hannah Nelson Caroline Presnell (1941) 455, 456, 457, which made it a misdemeanor to maintain or operate, teach or attend a school at which both whites and Negroes are enrolled or taught. WebThe school districts appealed, claiming that the federal courts did not have jurisdiction over education, but the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ultimately upheld McCormicks decision on April 14, 1947, ruling that the schools actions violated California law. Their own education and development will necessarily suffer to the extent that his training is unequal to that of his classmates. 24 chapters | The U.S. Supreme Court heard McLaurin's appeal in April 1950 and in June unanimously reversed the lower court. Further, the Court ruled that "discrimination had no place in education." Thus, our second decision in the Brown case, 349 U.S. 294, which implemented the earlier one, had no application to a case involving a Negro applying for admission to a state law school. As a result of the amended Oklahoma law, the plaintiff was assigned to sit in a row of classroom seats reserved for African American students, had to sit at an assigned table in the library, and, while he was allowed to eat in the cafeteria, he had a designated table. 854] the Supreme Court struck down "restrictions imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students," not social commingling or commingling generally. (c) Having been admitted to a state supported graduate school, appellant must receive the same treatment at the hands of the State as students of other races. Updates? Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc. Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York, Will v. Michigan Department of State Police, Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community, Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee. Heyne's factual allegations state a plausible claim against Manuel for violation of his right to equal, Geier, 801 F.2d at 805.Missouri ex rel. (a) The restrictions imposed upon appellant impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. However, McLaurin appealed and his case went to the U.S. Supreme Court. 0000001912 00000 n 526 (1948) McLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION et al. The Supreme Court reasoned that, under the Fourteenth Amendments equal protection clause, state officials had the legal duty to treat the plaintiff in the same manner as students of other races. The plaintiff, George W. McLaurin, who already had a master's degree in education, was first denied admission to the University of Oklahoma to pursue a Doctorate in Education degree. 526; 1948 U.S. It further held that to the extent the Oklahoma statutes denied him admission they were unconstitutional and void. 87 F. Supp. At that time, his application was denied, solely because of his race. McLaurin v. Oklahoma was one of the cases that helped to overturn Plessy v. Ferguson. Upon suit filed by the applicant, the university tried to set up a separate facility for African-American law students. Briefs of amici curiae, supporting appellant, were filed by Solicitor General Perlman and Philip Elman for the United States; Paul G. Annes for the American Federation of Teachers; Phineas Indritz for the American Veterans Committee, Inc.; Arthur J. Goldberg for the Congress of Industrial Organizations; Edward J. Ennis and Saburo Kido for the Japanese American Citizens League; and Arthur Garfield Hays and Eugene Nickerson for the American Civil Liberties Union. 640-641. Messrs. Amos T. Hall, Tulsa, Okl., Robert L. Carter, Washington, D.C., for appellant. Reversing, the Supreme Court of the United States held that a state could not treat a student differently from other students on the basis of race as theFourteenth Amendmentprecludes such differences in treatment. City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank, Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett, Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs, John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights, Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. 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This segregated him from his classmates and made group learning and discussions impossible. rG' 851, 94 L.Ed. Segregated basis is defined as "classroom instruction given in separate classrooms, or at separate times." WebG.W. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Possessing a Masters Degree, he applied for admission to the University of Oklahoma in order to pursue studies and courses leading to a Doctorate in Education. He wanted to have an education that was similar to his peers. Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, Crawford v. Los Angeles Board of Education, Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell, Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. At school, he was made to sit at separate tables in his classes, the library, and the cafeteria. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The school authorities were required to exclude him by the Oklahoma statutes, 70 Okla. Stat. 848. While McLaurin argued that the University of Oklahoma was violating the equal protection clause under the 14th Amendment, the university argued that they were not violating McLaurin's rights. The case McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents began when the University of Oklahoma denied George McLaurin into its graduate program because of his race. The studentfiled a complaint requesting injunctive relief, alleging that the action of the school authorities and the statutes upon which their action was based were unconstitutional and deprived himof the equal protection of the laws. Oklahoma State Regents . McLaurin returned to the U.S. District court and petitioned to require the University of Oklahoma to remove the separate facilities allowing him to interact with the other students fully (87 F. Supp. (b) That appellant may still be set apart by his fellow students and may be in no better position when these restrictions are removed is irrelevant, for there is a constitutional difference between restrictions imposed by the State which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students and the refusal of students to commingle where the State presents no such bar. In this case, the Court found that the State of Oklahoma had set the plaintiff student apart from the other students. In this ruling and its companion case, Sweatt v. Painter, decided on the same day, the Supreme Court held that African American students must receive the same treatment as all other students in the realm of higher education. McLaurin opened the door through which other landmark cases that abolished segregation could enter. Even so, the court retained jurisdiction of the case in order to provide the student with equal protection of the laws with regard to his education. The amendment adds the following proviso to each of the sections relating to mixed schools: "Provided, that the provisions of this Section shall not apply to programs of instruction leading to a particular degree given at State owned or operated colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the white race, where such programs of instruction leading to a particular degree are not given at colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the colored race; provided further, that said programs of instruction leading to a particular degree shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis." Hoping to earn a doctorate in education, he applied for admission to graduate study at Oklahoma's all The U.S. Supreme Court held that "the conditions under which appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws, and the Fourteenth Amendment precludes such differences in treatment by the State based upon race.". McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950). Decided June 5, 1950. WebMcLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA DEPT. . In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1949), 339 U.S. 637 [70 S.Ct. But they signify that the State, in administering the facilities it affords for professional and graduate study, sets McLaurin apart from the other students. 0000002024 00000 n The ruling in McLaurin had major ramifications for both parties and went on to set a new precedent regarding segregation, especially with how it pertained to education. 851, 94 L.Ed. He may wait in line in the cafeteria and there stand and talk with his fellow students, but while he eats he must remain apart. 70 S.Ct. Citing our decisions in State of Missouri ex rel. Xi 1149 (1950), the African-American plaintiff was a graduate student who claimed he had been denied equal educational opportunities because he was required to sit in special seats or at a special table designated for African-Americans. To remove these conditions, appellant filed a motion to modify the order and judgment of the District Court. HM0O0wz,['+hQ#H pt}~es9p~(/W3&5YfqL4Q7F:6[QcsWP\~)gLBsDhjB`9L[{kNu2[/(DSm:o_zX?aEEn^)}UXR}2 wF%. (b) That appellant may still be set apart by his fellow students and may be in no better position when these restrictions are removed is irrelevant, for there is a constitutional difference between restrictions imposed by the State which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students and the refusal of students to commingle where the State presents no such bar. Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. The result is that appellant is handicapped in his pursuit of effective graduate instruction. xb``c``nb`a`a`@ +s,p*X9 y g`4o@,``PPLJ1lacXq;_ MR endstream endobj 21 0 obj<> endobj 23 0 obj<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/ExtGState<>/Properties<>>>>>>> endobj 24 0 obj<> endobj 25 0 obj<> endobj 26 0 obj<> endobj 27 0 obj<>stream 528. Gaines v. Canada, 305 U.S. 337, 59 S.Ct. 0000005065 00000 n Do you find this information helpful? Out of this came the "separate but equal" policies of the post-Reconstruction South. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. WebGeorge W. McLaurin was an Oklahoma citizen and an African-American. Case Summary of Sweatt v. Painter: An African-American law school applicant was denied admission into the University of Texas Law School solely because of his race. (1941) 455, 456, 457, which made it a misdemeanor to maintain or operate, teach or attend a school at which both whites and Negroes are enrolled or taught. Both students sued, and the U.S. 247, a statutory three-judge District Court held, 87 F.Supp. Fred Hansen, First Assistant Attorney General of Oklahoma, argued the cause for appellees. P. 339 U. S. 642. Subscribe Now. This we think irrelevant. The result is that appellant is handicapped in his pursuit of effective graduate instruction. Segregating a population also segregates the experiences and voices of that population. P. 642. By segregating him, he was unable to engage in discussions and share his viewpoints, and these restrictions made it difficult to work and learn. State-imposed restrictions which produce such inequalities cannot be sustained. Their own education and development will necessarily suffer to the extent that his training is unequal to that of his classmates. WebOn January 14, 1946, the petitioner, a Negro, concededly qualified to receive the professional legal education offered by the State, applied for admission to the School of Law of the University of Oklahoma, the only institution for legal education supported and maintained by the taxpayers of the Oklahoma.
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