[77] Hlne later became Duchess of Aosta. Right, thats not suspicious at all. In order to silence her voice and protect the integrity of both the Prince and the Crown, the concept of Jack the Ripper was dreamt up. [92] Some biographers have assumed he was suffering from "a mild form of venereal disease",[43] perhaps gonorrhea,[93] which he may have suffered from on an earlier occasion,[94] but the exact nature of his illness is unknown. In 1890, Prince Albert Victor started suffering from a mysterious but powerful illness, and a series of doctors tried to treat him around the clock for something they variously named a fever or gout. However, historians think there might have been a risqu culprit behind his sickness: Yet another bout of venereal disease. Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, His godparents were Queen Victoria (his paternal grandmother), King. Albert Victor writing to his brother, George, quoted in Pope-Hennessy, p. 198. They acquired tattoos in Japan. Once Albert Victor and Hlne confided their love to her, the Queen relented and supported the proposed marriage. Throughout this total and complete chaos, poor Mary of Tecks life had unraveled before her eyes. The first letter was written while he was training to be an army officer in 1885 while the second was written on Sandringham-headed notepaper over a year later. He Was Born Into Power. Prince Albert Victor natal chart (Placidus) natal chart English style (Equal houses) natal chart with Whole Sign houses. Queen Victoria's beloved husband, Prince Albert, died on 14 December 1861 at the age of 42. [73][74] Hlne offered to convert to the Church of England,[75] and Albert Victor offered to renounce his succession rights to marry her.[73]. T. Eldon Stowellburned all documents related to his father's research on Jack the Ripper. Oh Albert, keep it safe or keep it in your pants. Aronson, p. 105; Cook, p. 281; Harrison, p. 238. Rumours in his time linked him with the Cleveland Street scandal, which involved a homosexual brothel; however, there is no conclusive evidence that he ever went there, or was indeed homosexual. Had they been wise, hearing what I knew and therefore what others knew, they ought to have hushed the matter up, instead of stirring it up as they did, with all the authorities. Did Prince Albert's brother Ernest have syphilis? Most of the extensive travelling was done by train,[61] although elephants were ridden as part of ceremonies. "[52] In fact, none of the lawyers in the case was convicted of perjury or struck off during the scandal, but Somerset's solicitor, Arthur Newton, was convicted of obstruction of justice for helping his clients escape abroad, and was sentenced to six weeks in prison. The prince showed little interest in the intellectual atmosphere, and he was excused from examinations, though he did become involved in undergraduate life. [62] In the style of the time, a great many animals were shot for sport. Yep, our boy was getting it on, and getting more than he bargained for in the process. In 1871, the Queen appointed John Neale Dalton as their tutor. Did Prince Albert have syphilis? There was no evidence and her claims were dismissed. Perhaps conveniently for Julien, most of the key names in the original Ripper investigation had passed away by this time. See e.g. And until now it had always been thought that Prince Albert's unexpected passing on. While some have hypothesized various forms of abdominal cancer (his mother died of stomach cancer at the age of 30), some physicians and historians have argued that Albert may have suffered. In the former, he is the British monarch during the First World War. Yet just six weeks after Prince Albert and Marys betrothal, catastrophe struck. In order to keep this shameful offense under wraps, the royal family had conspired to kill any person who knew about it. [3] Dalton complained that Albert Victor's mind was "abnormally dormant". The royal, known as Eddy, was first implicated in the Ripper killings in 1970 by the British Physician Dr Thomas Stowell. ADVERTISEMENT Hannah Betts' Better Not Younger. Prince Albert Victor, a grandson of Queen Victoria, was the eldest son of King Edward VII but predeceased his father at age 28 and so never became king. Papers in The National Archives show that neither courtiers nor Margery had any proof to support the allegation. They say all publicity is good publicity, but I think the royal family would majorly disagree with you on that one. As one commenter put it, it was, a scandal of the first magnitudeon the lips of every clubman.. In January 1892, just over a month before he was due to wed Mary of Teck, the young royal developed a horrific case of pneumonia. Although there is evidence that Prince Albert enjoyed the company of a hot male tutor or two, he also wasnt immune to feminine wilesits just that he had horrible luck when it came to women. [112] He admitted, however, that "the allegations of Prince Eddy's homosexuality must be treated cautiously. 1. [8], Separating the brothers for the remainder of their education was considered, but Dalton advised the Prince of Wales against splitting them up as "Prince Albert Victor requires the stimulus of Prince George's company to induce him to work at all. This theory first came to light in 1962, in a book written by Phillippe Julien. Who was the real Robert Traill? I should be very pleased if you did just a little bit. Yeah, not a good lookand it didnt even work. You dont get much darker than Alberts legacy. She had become an alcoholic and seemed deranged. Unfortunately for Prince Albert, Princess Helene was Roman Catholic. Gull passed away in 1890 two years after the Ripper murders, yet two years before Prince Albert Victors death. Although his family covered up so many of his secrets, in death his scandals came right back into the light. . [57] Travelling via Athens, Port Said, Cairo and Aden, Albert Victor arrived in Bombay on 9 November 1889. In the late 20th century, allegations began circulating that Prince Albert Victor was Jack the Ripper and had murdered his victims due to insanity brought on by a case of syphilis. [20] He was introduced to Oscar Browning, a noted don who gave parties and "made pets of those undergraduates who were handsome and attractive",[21] and became friendly with Dalton's godson, Alfred Fripp, who later became his doctor and royal surgeon. He said: 'These must be the first documents ever to reveal a member of the Royal Family had contracted a sexually transmitted disease, most probably from a prostitute. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. Cook, Andrew (2005). Get the scoop on the true history behind Victoria Season 2 Episode 4, and see images from the era of Her Majestys reign. Historys most fascinating stories and darkest secrets, delivered to your inbox daily. 20 days later, Stephen himself died of forced starvation. Mary later married his younger brother, who eventually became King George V in 1910. Queen Victoria's grandson, Prince Albert Victor was known to those who loved him as "Eddy," (also great uncle to the present Queen, Elizabeth II), and a proposed candidate for true identity of Jack the Ripper. Although some historians have blamed Alberts tutor John Dalton for being a shoddy instructor, others believe his schoolboy difficulties stemmed from genetic issues. In short, it seemed like Albert was in for a life of comfort and joybut thats not at all what he got. Its hard to really express just how bad Prince Albert Victors reputation was in England in the late 1800s, and how much it worsened as the years wore on. Now freshly discovered letters claim he turned to killing after contracting syphilis from a prostitute and going insane. [2] As a grandchild of the reigning British monarch in the male line and a son of the Prince of Wales, he was formally styled His Royal Highness Prince Albert Victor of Wales from birth. Husbands hiding things from wives, mothers from children, and generation from generation. But two confidential letters sent by the prince - the Duke of Clarence and Avondale - to his surgeon show he was suffering badly from gonorrhoea, most likely caught from a prostitute. The conspiracy theories surrounding Albert Victor have led to his portrayal in film as somehow responsible for or involved in the Jack the Ripper murders. [1] Some authors have argued that he was the serial killer known as Jack the Ripper, or that he was otherwise involved in the murders, but contemporaneous documents show that Albert Victor could not have been in London at the time of the murders, and the claim is widely dismissed. Albert Victor was known to his family, and many later biographers, as "Eddy". Drawn together during their shared period of mourning, Prince George later married Mary himself in 1893. He was given more public engagements, visited Ireland and Gibraltar, and opened the Hammersmith suspension bridge. 6869. He died before his father, whose reign lasted between 1901 and 1910, and grandmother Victoria. 'There is still a slight sign of glete, but so slight, that it is hardly percep[tive] and only when I get up of a morning.'. Older versions of Albert Victor in Edward the Seventh are played by Jerome Watts and Charles Dance. [38] Sir Charles Russell was retained to watch the proceedings in the case on behalf of Albert Victor. There is much speculation surrounding Prince Albert Victors later life and final years not least because of his rumoured connection to Jack the Ripper and the Whitechapel Murders. This did not go his way. The Prince's involvement in the murders has been routinely debunked due to a lack of evidence that showed he ever had the STD. According to the people who stumped for this grisly theory, Prince Albert was the perfect suspect: He already had a (potential) history of visiting houses of ill repute, and he had enough royal clout to get coppers off his trail. When did Prince Albert die? He developed pneumonia and died at Sandringham House in Norfolk on 14 January 1892, less than a week after his 28th birthday. [13] They toured the British Empire, accompanied by Dalton, visiting the Americas, the Falkland Islands, South Africa, Australia, Fiji, the Far East, Singapore, Ceylon, Aden, Egypt, the Holy Land and Greece. Additionally, Prince Albert Victors death was also heavily scrutinised. According to Dr. Stowell, a syphilis outbreak occurred in the Caribbean. Want to tell us to write facts on a topic? [33] The prostitutes had not named Albert Victor, and it is suggested that Somerset's solicitor, Arthur Newton, fabricated and spread the rumours to take the heat off his client. Queen Victoria was very supportive, considering Mary idealcharming, sensible and pretty. Princess Helene went over her fathers head and went right to the top, securing an audience with Pope Leo XIII himself to beg him to let her convert. Stephen was clearly emotionally attached to Prince Albert, and some experts even suggest he harbored intimate feelings toward the prince, which the royal heir may have even returned. In Episode 4, Prince Albert overhauled Buckingham Palace operations, beginning with the sewers. Jack the Ripper was an unidentified serial killer who brutally murdered at least five ladies of the night in London's East End in 1888. Firstly, the entire nation was shell shocked that he was really gone, and shops shuttered their windows and doors in mourning. She was suddenly in the lurch, having lost both a husband and a potential crownand she came up with a heartbreaking tribute. There is still a slight sign of glete, but so slight, that it is hardly percep[tive] and only when I get up of a morning', He added: 'It is very anoying (sic) as I really thought it had stopped for good. [22] In August 1884, he spent some time at Heidelberg University studying German, before returning to Cambridge. [28] He passed his examinations, and in March 1887, he was posted to Hounslow where he was promoted to captain. Albert Victor writing to Lady Sybil Erskine, 21 June 1891, 28 June 1891 and 29 November 1891, quoted in Pope-Hennessy, pp. In 1885 and 1886, just as he was finishing his career at Cambridge, Prince Albert started up a lengthy correspondence with his doctor. The mystery has led to numerous theories as to the true identity of the killer and spawned countless books, TV documentaries and films. [65] Haddon breached the conditions and was incarcerated for a year. Did Prince Albert Have Syphilis? Diary of Mary of Teck, quoted in Pope-Hennessy, p. 210. 199200. After that, it wasnt long before society whispered that the prince was also a regular visitor; not a good look in the hetero-normative Victorian era. After several failed marriages and Albert Victor's death, Margery came to England and claimed the Prince was the father of her son, Clarence Haddon. I tried to get my ex-wife served with divorce papers. [16] Some biographers have said that Stephen was a misogynist, although this has recently been questioned,[17] and he may have felt emotionally attached to Albert Victor, but whether or not his feelings were overtly homosexual is open to question. Mark Dexter portrayed both "Prince Edward" and "Albert Sickert". By this time however, Albert Victor was falling in love with Princess Hlne of Orlans, a daughter of Prince Philippe, Count of Paris, a pretender to the French throne who was living in England after being banished from France in 1886. The media frenzy eventually faded, but Stowell was far from the last to suggest that Prince Albert Victor and Jack the Ripper were one and the same. Cook, Andrew (1 November 2005) "The King Who Never Was". "[30], In July 1889, the Metropolitan Police uncovered a male brothel operated by Charles Hammond in London's Cleveland Street. Although historians have worked hard to rehabilitate Prince Alberts image today, he can never seem to shake off all the controversies he courted. Could royalty have been the Ripper? Cook p. 103, quoting from correspondence in the Royal archives Z 474/63. Then again, maybe she had another reason to reject him. 'This would today be regarded as a scandal worthy of tabloid newspaper coverage. Oh, and then there was Alberts bride. His father completely shut down the entire Cleveland Street investigation, forcing the prosecutors to drop their cases on all the houses clients and leaving all the claims against Prince Albert up in the air. Just as plans for both his marriage to Mary and his appointment as Viceroy of Ireland were under discussion, Albert Victor fell ill with influenza in the pandemic of 1889-1892. Find out about new shows, get updates on your favorite dramas and mysteries, enjoy exclusive content and more! Aronson, pp. Jack the Ripper was an unidentified serial killer who brutally murdered at least five ladies of the night in London's East End in 1888. Eddy, as he was affectionately known, was rumored to have contracted syphilis from a prostitute in the West Indies. As the syphilis worsened, the Princes mental state continued to go downhill, until eventually, he was confined to an asylum where he spent the remainder of his days. The British royal family was staunchly Protestant, and many of Alberts relations would be aghast at the thought of him entertaining the possibility of loving a Catholic. When he succumbed to his illness, the rights of succession naturally passed to his younger brother George, who eventually became King George V. But that wasnt all George took from him: Just a year after his brothers passing, George also wed Mary of Teck. Yet inside the royal family, things were even darker. From the moment Prince Albert passed, Stephen committed himself to one disturbing act. It is said that the fatal disease led to a decline in the Princes mental health, eventually causing him to become insane. Meghan Markle's father says he is 'open to any kind of conversation' to repair his Practising for Charles' big day! Thanks for your time! Mary was the daughter of Queen Victoria's first cousin Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck. Then suddenly, it all went so wrong. Its no wonder, then, that he tried to settle down and make an honest man of himself, even starting a romantic flirtation with Princess Helene of Orleans. [10] Dalton accompanied them as chaplain to the ship. Into that world he refused to be initiated. [24], One of Albert Victor's instructors said he learnt by listening rather than reading or writing and had no difficulty remembering information,[25] but Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, had a less favourable opinion of him, calling him "an inveterate and incurable dawdler". The solicitor was struck off the rolls for his offence, but was thereafter reinstated. For starters, although Dr Stowell claimed to have used Sir William Gulls medical notes as a basis for his article, this was never proven. He became a special friend of the don Oscar Browning, who was notorious around campus for his wild parties and his habit of making pets of those undergraduates who were handsome and attractive. Ooh, spicy. [20] Leaving Cambridge in 1885, where he had already served as a cadet in the 2nd Cambridge University Battalion, he was gazetted as an officer in the 10th Hussars. ". His absence at sea, and on travels and duty with his regiment, kept him out of the general eye at times, there was a sallowness of hue, which much increased the grave aspect not only in the metropolis, but throughout the country, somehow, it was always said, 'He will never come to the throne.'[108]. In the late months of 1891, people started gossiping that the young prince was having yet another affair. Yet even at that moment, he was hiding a huge secret. Queen Victoria's grandson and heir to the British throne, the handsome Prince Albert Victor - or 'Eddy' - had an illustrious future ahead of him. 42 Lord Arthur Somerset to Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher, 10 December 1889, quoted in Cook, p. 197. If Stowell had any concrete evidence from Gulls journals or elsewhere, he took it to the grave. He wrote: 'I think I had better go on taking them for a bit. According to Acland, her father had treated a young gay man with syphilis, which he had possibly contracted from a prostitute in the West Indies. Mercury was regularly used in 19th-Century medicine, especially for the treatment of syphilis. While Juliens theory may be compelling, its main opposition came from the fact that Julien never provided any solid proof to substantiate his claim. Additionally, Prince Albert Victor's death was also heavily scrutinised. 1. But compared to other mourners, Alexandra got off incredibly easy. Albert Victor was born two months prematurely on 8 January 1864 at Frogmore House, Windsor, Berkshire. 'He didn't fit the description for Jack who was meant to have been an ordinary Joe, not a member of the aristocracy. No clan is left untouched, and even families that seem happy and normal on. [76] When Albert Victor died, his sisters Maud and Louise sympathized with Hlne and treated her, not his fiance Princess Victoria Mary of Teck, as his true love. It is said that the fatal disease led to a decline in the Prince's mental health, eventually causing him to become insane. Except, well, there might be a scandalous reason for the lack of dirt: He had something to hide. Although not directly related to their fling, the fateful event immediately triggered an inquest into her demiseand once more, Prince Albert was right in the center. Albert Victor's intellect, sexuality, and mental health have been the subject of speculation. [80], In 1891, Albert Victor wrote to Lady Sybil St Clair Erskine that he was in love once again, though he does not say with whom. Kneeling over him is an angel, holding a heavenly crown. Letter from Dalton in the Royal Archives, 6 April 1879, quoted in Cook, p. 52. To this day, no one can say for sure what went on behind those closed study room doors, but historians have a few scandalous ideas. Were always looking for your input! From the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the British throne, but did not become king or Prince of Wales because he died before both his grandmother and his father. In both The Bloody Red Baron (volume 2 of Anno Dracula series) by Kim Newman and the novel I, Vampire by Michael Romkey, he has become a vampire. She became queen consort on George's accession. Catherine of Aragon was King Henry VIIIs first wife and longest-lasting Queen of England. By the late 1880s, the disease had spread to the patients brain, apparently inspiring him to exact revenge upon nearby prostitutes in Londons Whitechapel district. Helene was beautiful, had a great pedigree, andbest of allshe actually returned his feelings. But Albert and Helene were young, in love, and willing to do anything for passionso they came up with a daring plan. He says that despite the fact that the Royal family knew about the murders and who was behind them, they chose to do nothing. Not only had rumors circulated about the prince's sexuality, but he also died of illness ( influenza, not syphilis) in 1892, at just 28 years old. We want our readers to trust us. The first letter was written while he was training to be an army officer in 1885, He describes suffering from 'glete', a term used to describe the discharge caused by gonorrhoea, writing: 'I have taken those capsules regularly, four a day. [104] James Kenneth Stephen, Albert Victor's former tutor, refused all food from the day of Albert Victor's death and died 20 days later; he had suffered a head injury in 1886 which left him suffering from psychosis. When young, he travelled the world extensively as a naval cadet, and as an adult he joined the British Army but did not undertake any active military duties. Dr Stowell suggested he had either possessed or had seen evidence to back up this theory 80 years before and appeared on a BBC current affairs programme discussing it. [53] In 1913, Newton was struck off indefinitely and sentenced to three years' imprisonment for obtaining money by false pretences. Prince Albert Saxe-Coburg-Gotha was the husband and first cousin to Queen Victoria. Two DC Comics series published as part of its Elseworlds imprint feature Prince Albert ("Eddy") as a minor character: Gotham by Gaslight and Wonder Woman: Amazonia. Unfortunately, thats not the first time youll hear me say that. [91], In mid-1890, Albert Victor was attended by several doctors. The exact nature of his "dissipations" is not clear, but in 1994 Theo Aronson favoured the theory on "admittedly circumstantial" evidence that the "unspecified 'dissipations' were predominantly homosexual". What really killed Prince Albert? Prince Albert Victors college years are shrouded in some mystery, with many historians bemoaning how little information we have about his personal life at the timeso much so that some claim he spent these years completely chaste. Many people believe the royal family set up a Lord Charles Montagu to take the fall as Lydias sole lover, taking the heat off their precious son in the inquest. Roskill, Mark (1968). After her proposed match with Alix fell through, Victoria suggested to Albert Victor that he marry another first cousin, Princess Margaret of Prussia. According to the official Court Circular, family journals and letters, newspaper reports and other sources, he could not have been near any of the murders. [4], Though he learned to speak Danish, progress in other languages and subjects was slow. Please let us know if a fact weve published is inaccurate (or even if you just suspect its inaccurate) by reaching out to us at contribute@factinate.com. [6] Albert Victor never excelled intellectually. At his trial the following January, the prosecution produced documents showing that Haddon's enlistment papers, marriage certificate, officer's commission, demobilisation papers and employment records all showed he was born in or before 1887, at least two years before Albert Victor met Mrs. Haddon. In Albert Victor's and other correspondence, his illness is only referred to as "fever" or "gout". 'Besides, Prince Albert was in Scotland at the time of one of the murders. Hlne travelled personally to intercede with Pope Leo XIII, but he confirmed her father's verdict, and the courtship ended. Making distraction rewarding since 2017. [67][68] He persisted in trying to convince Alix to marry him, but he finally gave up in 1890 when she sent him a letter in which she told him "how it grieves her to pain him, but that she cannot marry him, much as she likes him as a Cousin. [95] Letters dated 1885 and 1886 from Albert Victor to his doctor at Aldershot (known only as "Roche") detail that he was taking medicine for 'glete' (gleet), then a term for gonorrhea discharge.[96]. The Prince also appears as the murder victim in the first of the Lord Francis Powerscourt crime novels Goodnight Sweet Prince, and as a murder suspect in the novel Death at Glamis Castle by Robin Paige. Shops put up their shutters. Harriet's own beloved husband had died earlier that year and they must have had a. Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (8 January 1864 - 14 January 1892) was first mentioned in print as a potential suspect in 1962 when author Philippe Jullian published a biography of his father, Edward VII of the United Kingdom. [23] In 1888, he was awarded an honorary degree by the university. [114][115] It was later alleged, among others by Stephen Knight in Jack the Ripper: The Final Solution, that Albert Victor fathered a child with a woman in the Whitechapel district of London, and either he or several high-ranking men committed the murders in an effort to cover up his indiscretion. In order to buff up on his subjects, his family selected a new tutor and companion for him, the handsome and sensitive poet James Kenneth Stephen. The theory alleged the Prince -. Your suggestions can be as general or specific as you like, from Life to Compact Cars and Trucks to A Subspecies of Capybara Called Hydrochoerus Isthmius. Well get our writers on it because we want to create articles on the topics youre interested in. Around this time, seedy scandal struck again. The media took the idea and ran with it, and Stowell appeared on the BBC to discuss his theory. In Balmoral Castle, he proposed to Alix, but she did not return his affections and refused his offer of engagement. Factinate is a fact website that is dedicated to finding and sharing fun facts about science, history, animals, films, people, and much more. Perhaps suffering a psychotic breakand not helped by his emotions for the fallen princeStephen refused every single bit of food from the day of Alberts passing onward. Dancy Mason is the Editor-in-Chief at Factinate. Despite the palaces best efforts, everybody who was anybody knew about Prince Alberts involvement with the fallen Lydia Miller. Albert Victor's intellect, sexuality, and mental health have been the subject of speculation. 'I'm no legal expert, but a written document that would appear to back up a motive for a murder suspect would be worthy of closer scrutiny by investigating police officers today. Following his grandmother Queen Victoria's wishes, he was named Albert Victor, after herself and her late husband, Albert. Albert Edward. While on tour, Prince Albert Victor met and struck up an affair with a married woman named Margery Haddon, the wife of a civil engineer in India. Stephen, a cousin of the writer Virginia Woolf, suffered from the bi-polar disorder that ran through their family and was often in a mentally fragile state. To distinguish the young royal from all the other Alberts multiplying in his family, everyone just affectionately called him Eddy. Man, you think you know somebody. The letters reveal a scandalous detail. Prince Albert Victor had always been close to his mother Alexandra, and her reaction to his passing was harrowing. His family crowded around his bed, praying for his recovery at first but then praying for his soul. Wrong. Take that, nerds. She never got over the loss of her eldest son, and continued to keep his bedroom in mint condition as a kind of shrine to his life long after he had rotted in his grave. 213217; Cook, p. 10; McDonald pp. Just as plans for both his marriage to Mary and his appointment as Viceroy of Ireland were under discussion, Albert Victor fell ill with influenza in the pandemic of 18891892. Sign up to get the latest news on your favorite dramas and mysteries, as well as exclusive content, video, sweepstakes and more. Despite Prince Alberts shady dealings in his private messages, the royals set a date for his wedding just months away on February 27, 1892. Even in his own time, Prince Albert Victor was something of an unsettling enigma. It is not known whether he had any sexual experiences at Cambridge, but partners of either sex would have been available. [43] The historian H. Montgomery Hyde wrote, "There is no evidence that he was homosexual, or even bisexual. "[71] Nothing came of Queen Victoria's suggestion. Albert's brother sadly did not marry had looser morals with married and unmarried women spreading syphilis through aristocratic circles. [78] On 3 December 1891 Albert Victor, to Mary's "great surprise", proposed to her at Luton Hoo, the country residence of the Danish ambassador to Britain. As for the evidence. Anybody with a cursory knowledge of British royal family history knew of a prince who fit the bill: Queen Victorias grandson, Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale. With the court looking into Lydias fate, Buckingham Palace worked overtime trying to cover up yet another one of Alberts youthful indiscretions. A stagnant military career, apathetic personality, and rumoured homosexuality all contributed to the fact that he was largely seen as a disappointment to the Royal family, before his premature death in 1892 at the age of just 28. Blanche Beresford, Marchioness of Waterford to Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher, 31 December 1889, quoted in Aronson, p. 168 and Cook, pp. By 1890, Prince Albert was back in England and had been around the block when it came to scandalous affairs.
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